Water-Resources Engineering 3rd edition – Ebook PDF Instant Delivery – ISBN(s): 0273785923, 0273785915,9780273785927,9780273785910

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ISBN-10: 0273785923, 0273785915
ISBN-13: 9780273785927, 9780273785910
Author: David Chin

Water-Resources Engineering provides comprehensive coverage of hydraulics, hydrology, and water-resources planning and management. Presented from first principles, the material is rigorous, relevant to the practice of water resources engineering, and reinforced by detailed presentations of design applications. Prior knowledge of fluid mechanics and calculus (up to differential equations) is assumed.

Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 Water-Resources Engineering
1.2 The Hydrologic Cycle
1.3 Designof Water-Resource Systems
1.3.1 Water-Control Systems
1.3.2 Water-Use Systems
1.3.3 Supporting Federal Agencies in the United States
Problem
2 Fundamentals of Flow in Closed Conduits
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Single Pipelines
2.2.1 Steady-State Continuity Equation
2.2.2 Steady-State Momentum Equation
2.2.3 Steady-State Energy Equation
2.2.3.1 Energy and hydraulic grade lines
2.2.3.2 Velocity profile
2.2.3.3 Head losses in transitions and fittings
2.2.3.4 Head losses in noncircular conduits
2.2.3.5 Empirical friction-loss formulae
2.2.4 Water Hammer
2.3 Pipe Networks
2.3.1 Nodal Method
2.3.2 Loop Method
2.3.3 Application of Computer Programs
2.4 Pumps
2.4.1 AffinityLaws
2.4.2 Pump Selection
2.4.2.1 Commercially available pumps
2.4.2.2 System characteristics
2.4.2.3 Limits on pump location
2.4.3 Multiple-Pump Systems
2.4.4 Variable-Speed Pumps
Problems
3 Design of Water-Distribution Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Water Demand
3.2.1 Per-Capita Forecast Model
3.2.1.1 Estimation of per-capita demand
3.2.1.2 Estimation of population
3.2.2 Temporal Variations in Water Demand
3.2.3 Fire Demand
3.2.4 Design Flows
3.3 Components of Water-Distribution Systems
3.3.1 Pipelines
3.3.1.1 Minimumsize
3.3.1.2 Service lines
3.3.1.3 Pipe materials
3.3.2 Pumps
3.3.3 Valves
3.3.4 Meters
3.3.5 Fire Hydrants
3.3.6 Water-Storage Reservoirs
3.4 Performance Criteria for Water-Distribution Systems
3.4.1 Service Pressures
3.4.2 Allowable Velocities
3.4.3 Water Quality
3.4.4 Network Analysis
3.5 Building Water-Supply Systems
3.5.1 Specification of Design Flows
3.5.2 Specification of Minimum Pressures
3.5.3 Determination of Pipe Diameters
Problems
4 Fundamentals of Flow in Open Channels
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Basic Principles
4.2.1 Steady-State Continuity Equation
4.2.2 Steady-State Momentum Equation
4.2.2.1 Darcy–Weisbach equation
4.2.2.2 Manning equation
4.2.2.3 Other equations
4.2.2.4 Velocity distribution
4.2.3 Steady-State Energy Equation
4.2.3.1 Energy grade line
4.2.3.2 Specific energy
4.3 Water-Surface Profiles
4.3.1 Profile Equation
4.3.2 Classification of Water-Surface Profiles
4.3.3 Hydraulic Jump
4.3.4 Computation of Water-Surface Profiles
4.3.4.1 Direct-integration method
4.3.4.2 Direct-step method
4.3.4.3 Standard-step method
4.3.4.4 Practical considerations
4.3.4.5 Profiles across bridges
Problems
5 Design of Drainage Channels
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basic Principles
5.2.1 Best Hydraulic Section
5.2.2 Boundary Shear Stress
5.2.3 Cohesive versus Noncohesive Materials
5.2.4 Bends
5.2.5 Channel Slopes
5.2.6 Freeboard
5.3 Design of Channels with Rigid Linings
5.4 Design of Channels with Flexible Linings
5.4.1 General Design Procedure
5.4.2 Vegetative Linings and Bare Soil
5.4.3 RECP Linings
5.4.4 Riprap, Cobble, and Gravel Linings
5.4.5 Gabions
5.5 CompositeLinings
Problems
6 Design of Sanitary Sewers
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Quantity of Wastewater
6.2.1 Residential Sources
6.2.2 Nonresidential Sources
6.2.3 Inflow and Infiltration (I/I)
6.2.4 Peaking Factors
6.3 Hydraulics of Sewers
6.3.1 Manning Equation with Constant n
6.3.2 Manning Equation with Variable n
6.3.3 Self-Cleansing
6.3.4 Scour Prevention
6.3.5 Design Computations for Diameter and Slope
6.3.6 Hydraulics of Manholes
6.4 System Design Criteria
6.4.1 System Layout
6.4.2 Pipe Material
6.4.3 Depth of Sanitary Sewer
6.4.4 Diameter and Slope of Pipes
6.4.5 Hydraulic Criteria
6.4.6 Manholes
6.4.7 Pump Stations
6.4.8 Force Mains
6.4.9 Hydrogen-Sulfide Control
6.4.10 Combined Sewers
6.5 Design Computations
6.5.1 Design Aids
6.5.1.1 Manning’s n
6.5.1.2 Minimum slope for self-cleansing
6.5.2 Procedure for System Design
Problems
7 Design of Hydraulic Structures
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Culverts
7.2.1 Hydraulics
7.2.1.1 Submerged entrances
7.2.1.2 Unsubmerged entrances
7.2.2 Design Constraints
7.2.3 Sizing Calculations
7.2.3.1 Fixed-headwater method
7.2.3.2 Fixed-flow method
7.2.3.3 Minimum-performance method
7.2.4 Roadway Overtopping
7.2.5 Riprap/Outlet Protection
7.3 Gates
7.3.1 Free Discharge
7.3.2 Submerged Discharge
7.3.3 Empirical Equations
7.4 Weirs
7.4.1 Sharp-Crested Weirs
7.4.1.1 Rectangular weirs
7.4.1.2 V-notchweirs
7.4.1.3 Compound weirs
7.4.1.4 Other types of sharp-crested weirs
7.4.2 Broad-Crested Weirs
7.4.2.1 Rectangular weirs
7.4.2.2 Compound weirs
7.4.2.3 Gabionweirs
7.5 Spillways
7.5.1 Uncontrolled Spillways
7.5.2 Controlled (Gated) Spillways
7.5.2.1 Gates seated on the spillway crest
7.5.2.2 Gates seated downstream of the spillway crest
7.6 Stilling Basins
7.6.1 Type Selection
7.6.2 Design Procedure
7.7 Dams and Reservoirs
7.7.1 Types of Dams
7.7.2 Reservoir Storage
7.7.2.1 Sediment accumulation
7.7.2.2 Determination of storage requirements
7.7.3 Hydropower
7.7.3.1 Turbines
7.7.3.2 Turbine performance
7.7.3.3 Feasibility of hydropower
Problems
8 Probability and Statistics in Water-Resources Engineering
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Probability Distributions
8.2.1 Discrete Probability Distributions
8.2.2 Continuous Probability Distributions
8.2.3 Mathematical Expectation and Moments
8.2.4 Return Period
8.2.5 Common Probability Functions
8.2.5.1 Binomial distribution
8.2.5.2 Geometric distribution
8.2.5.3 Poisson distribution
8.2.5.4 Exponential distribution
8.2.5.5 Gamma/Pearson Type III distribution
8.2.5.6 Normal distribution
8.2.5.7 Log-normal distribution
8.2.5.8 Uniform distribution
8.2.5.9 Extreme-value distributions
8.2.5.10 Chi-square distribution
8.3 Analysis of Hydrologic Data
8.3.1 Estimation of Population Distribution
8.3.1.1 Probability distribution of observed data
8.3.1.2 Hypothesis tests
8.3.1.3 Model selection criteria
8.3.2 Estimation of Population Parameters
8.3.2.1 Method of moments
8.3.2.2 Maximum-likelihood method
8.3.2.3 Method of L-moments
8.3.3 Frequency Analysis
8.3.3.1 Normal distribution
8.3.3.2 Log-normal distribution
8.3.3.3 Gamma/Pearson Type III distribution
8.3.3.4 Log-Pearson Type III distribution
8.3.3.5 Extreme-value Type I distribution
8.3.3.6 General extreme-value (GEV) distribution
8.4 Uncertainty Analysis
Problems
9 Fundamentals of Surface-Water Hydrology I: Rainfall and Abstractions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Rainfall
9.2.1 Measurement of Rainfall
9.2.2 Statistics of Rainfall Data
9.2.2.1 Rainfall statistics in the United States
9.2.2.2 Secondary estimation of IDF curves
9.2.3 Spatial Averaging and Interpolation of Rainfall
9.2.4 Design Rainfall
9.2.4.1 Return period
9.2.4.2 Rainfall duration
9.2.4.3 Rainfall depth
9.2.4.4 Temporal distribution
9.2.4.5 Spatial distribution
9.2.5 Extreme Rainfall
9.2.5.1 Rational estimation method
9.2.5.2 Statistical estimation method
9.2.5.3 World-record precipitation amounts
9.2.5.4 Probable maximum storm
9.3 Rainfall Abstractions
9.3.1 Interception
9.3.2 Depression Storage
9.3.3 Infiltration
9.3.3.1 The infiltration process
9.3.3.2 Horton model
9.3.3.3 Green–Ampt model
9.3.3.4 NRCS curve-number model
9.3.3.5 Comparison of infiltration models
9.3.4 Rainfall Excess on Composite Areas
9.4 Baseflow
Problems
10 Fundamentals of Surface-Water Hydrology II: Runoff
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Mechanisms of Surface Runoff
10.3 Time of Concentration
10.3.1 Overland Flow
10.3.1.1 Kinematic-wave equation
10.3.1.2 NRCS method
10.3.1.3 Kirpich equation
10.3.1.4 Izzard equation
10.3.1.5 Kerby equation
10.3.2 Channel Flow
10.3.3 Accuracy of Estimates
10.4 Peak-Runoff Models
10.4.1 The Rational Method
10.4.2 NRCS-TR55 Method
10.5 Continuous-Runoff Models
10.5.1 Unit-Hydrograph Theory
10.5.2 Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph
10.5.3 Unit-Hydrograph Models
10.5.3.1 Snyder unit-hydrograph model
10.5.3.2 NRCS dimensionless unit hydrograph
10.5.3.3 Accuracy of unit-hydrograph models
10.5.4 Time-Area Models
10.5.5 Kinematic-Wave Model
10.5.6 Nonlinear-Reservoir Model
10.5.7 Santa Barbara Urban Hydrograph Model
10.5.8 Extreme Runoff Events
10.6 Routing Models
10.6.1 Hydrologic Routing
10.6.1.1 Modified Puls method
10.6.1.2 Muskingum method
10.6.2 Hydraulic Routing
10.7 Water-Quality Models
10.7.1 Event-Mean Concentrations
10.7.2 Regression Equations
10.7.2.1 USGS model
10.7.2.2 EPA model
Problems
11 Design of Stormwater-Collection Systems
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Street Gutters
11.3 Inlets
11.3.1 CurbInlets
11.3.2 Grate Inlets
11.3.3 Combination Inlets
11.3.4 Slotted Inlets
11.4 Roadside and Median Channels
11.5 Storm Sewers
11.5.1 Calculation of Design Flow Rates
11.5.2 Pipe Sizing and Selection
11.5.3 Manholes
11.5.4 Determination of Impervious Area
11.5.5 System-Design Computations
11.5.6 Other Design Considerations
Problems
12 Design of Stormwater-Management Systems
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Performance Goals
12.2.1 Quantity Control
12.2.2 Quality Control
12.3 Design of Stormwater Control Measures
12.3.1 Storage Impoundments
12.3.1.1 Detentionbasins—Designparameters
12.3.1.2 Wet detention basins
12.3.1.3 Dry detention basins
12.3.1.4 Design of outlet structures
12.3.1.5 Design for flood control
12.3.2 Infiltration Basins
12.3.3 Swales
12.3.3.1 Retention swales
12.3.3.2 Biofiltration swales
12.3.4 Vegetated Filter Strips
12.3.5 Bioretention Systems
12.3.6 Exfiltration Trenches
12.3.6.1 General design guidelines
12.3.6.2 Design for flood control
12.3.6.3 Design for water-quality control
12.3.7 Subsurface Exfiltration Galleries
12.4 Selection of SCMs for Water-Quality Control
12.4.1 Nonstructural SCMs
12.4.2 Structural SCMs
12.4.3 Other Considerations
12.5 Major Drainage System
Problems
13 Estimation of Evapotranspiration
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Penman–Monteith Equation
13.2.1 Aerodynamic Resistance
13.2.2 Surface Resistance
13.2.3 Net Radiation
13.2.3.1 Shortwave radiation
13.2.3.2 Longwave radiation
13.2.4 Soil Heat Flux
13.2.5 Latent Heat of Vaporization
13.2.6 Psychrometric Constant
13.2.7 Saturation Vapor Pressure
13.2.8 Vapor-Pressure Gradient
13.2.9 Actual Vapor Pressure
13.2.10 Air Density
13.3 Application of the PM Equation
13.4 Potential Evapotranspiration
13.5 Reference Evapotranspiration
13.5.1 FAO56-Penman–Monteith Method
13.5.2 ASCE Penman–Monteith Method
13.5.3 Evaporation Pans
13.5.4 Empirical Methods
13.6 Actual Evapotranspiration
13.6.1 Index-of-Dryness Method
13.6.2 Crop-Coefficient Method
13.6.3 Remote Sensing
13.7 Selection of ETE stimation Method
Problems
14 Fundamentals of Groundwater Hydrology I: Governing Equations
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Darcy’s Law
14.2.1 Hydraulic Conductivity
14.2.1.1 Empirical formulae
14.2.1.2 Classification
14.2.1.3 Anisotropic properties
14.2.1.4 Stochastic properties
14.3 General Flow Equation
14.4 Two-Dimensional Approximations
14.4.1 Unconfined Aquifers
14.4.2 Confined Aquifers
14.5 Flow in the Unsaturated Zone
Problems
15 Fundamentals of Groundwater Hydrology II: Applications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Steady-State Solutions
15.2.1 Unconfined Flow Between Two Reservoirs
15.2.2 Well in a Confined Aquifer
15.2.3 Well in an Unconfined Aquifer
15.2.4 Well in a Leaky Confined Aquifer
15.2.5 Well in an Unconfined Aquifer with Recharge
15.2.6 Partially Penetrating Wells
15.3 Unsteady-State Solutions
15.3.1 Well in a Confined Aquifer
15.3.2 Well in an Unconfined Aquifer
15.3.3 Well in a Leaky Confined Aquifer
15.3.4 Other Solutions
15.4 Principle of Superposition
15.4.1 Multiple Wells
15.4.2 Well in Uniform Flow
15.5 Method of Images
15.5.1 Constant-Head Boundary
15.5.2 Impermeable Boundary
15.5.3 Other Applications
15.6 Saltwater Intrusion
Problems
16 Design of Groundwater Systems
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Design of Wellfields
16.3 Wellhead Protection
16.3.1 Delineation of Wellhead Protection Areas
16.3.2 Time-of-Travel Approach
16.4 Design and Construction of Water-Supply Wells
16.4.1 Types of Wells
16.4.2 Design of Well Components
16.4.2.1 Casing
16.4.2.2 Screenintake
16.4.2.3 Gravel pack
16.4.2.4 Pump
16.4.2.5 Other considerations
16.4.3 Performance Assessment
16.4.4 Well Drilling
16.5 Design of Aquifer Pumping Tests
16.5.1 Pumping Well
16.5.2 Observation Wells
16.5.3 Field Procedures
16.6 Design of Slug Tests
16.7 Design of Exfiltration Trenches
16.8 Seepage Meters
Problems
17 Water-Resources Planning
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Planning Process
17.3 Economic Feasibility
17.3.1 Compound-Interest Factors
17.3.1.1 Single-payment factors
17.3.1.2 Uniform-series factors
17.3.1.3 Arithmetic-gradient factors
17.3.1.4 Geometric-gradient factors
17.3.2 Evaluating Alternatives
17.3.2.1 Present-worth analysis
17.3.2.2 Annual-worth analysis
17.3.2.3 Rate-of-return analysis
17.3.2.4 Benefit–cost analysis
Problems
A: Units and Conversion Factors
A.1 Units
A.2 Conversion Factors
B: Fluid Properties
B.1 Water
B.2 Organic Compounds Found in Water
B.3 Air at Standard Atmospheric Pressure
C: Statistical Tables
C.1 Areas Under Standard Normal Curve
C.2 Frequency Factors for Pearson Type III Distribution
C.3 Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution
C.4 Critical Values for the Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test Statistic
D: Special Functions
D.1 Error Function
D.2 Bessel Functions
D.2.1 Definition
D.2.2 Evaluation of Bessel Functions
D.2.2.1 Bessel function of the first kind of order n
D.2.2.2 Bessel function of the second kind of order n
D.2.2.3 Modified Bessel function of the first kind of order n
D.2.2.4 Modified Bessel function of the second kind of order n
D.2.2.5 Tabulated values of useful Bessel functions
D.3 Gamma Function
D.4 Exponential Integral
E: Pipe Specifications
E.1 PVCPipe
E.2 Ductile-Iron Pipe
E.3 Concrete Pipe
E.4 Physical Properties of Common Pipe Materials
F: Unified Soil Classification System
F.1 Definition of Soil Groups
F.2 Terminology

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Water-Resources Engineering 3rd edition – eBook PDF

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